Urology as a field of medical science is engaged in the study of the urinary and related human reproductive system, the physiological and pathological processes occurring in them, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases of the genitourinary organs (urethra, bladder, ureters, kidneys, male genitalia). The sphere of interests of urology as a science intersects with other areas of clinical medicine: gynecology, andrology, venereology, nephrology, surgery. A urologist is engaged in the treatment and prevention of pathology of the genitourinary system of men and women.
Urological diseases of men, women, children and the elderly have their own peculiarities of development and course, which is explained by the anatomical, physiological and age characteristics of their organisms. Among the pathology of the male genitourinary system, inflammatory processes (orchitis and epididymitis, urethritis, balanoposthitis, prostatitis, cystitis), prostate adenoma, sexual infections are more common. Female urological diseases are urethritis, cystitis, sexually transmitted infections and their consequences. Both men and women have urolithiasis, pyelonephritis, tumors of the genitourinary organs, chronic renal failure. In childhood, congenital anomalies of the genitourinary system, cystitis and enuresis are more common. In elderly people, urinary incontinence and tumor formations come to the fore among urological problems.
The most common manifestations of diseases of the genitourinary system are disorders of urination (increased frequency or delay), pain in the lumbar region, in the genital area, burning and itching of the genitals, pathological discharge from the urethra, disorder of sexual function, changes in the amount or color of urine, edema.
Diseases of the genitourinary system are by no means harmless. Their consequences lead to the development of chronic foci of infection, impotence, infertility, the need for a donor kidney transplant and even death. For a man, a urologist is as important a doctor as a gynecologist is for a woman. Therefore, regardless of complaints, visits to the urologist should be regular, at least 1-2 times a year.
Modern diagnostic capabilities of urology are very great. Laboratory methods of urine and urethral discharge, ultrasound and X-ray diagnostics, endoscopic (urethroscopy and cystoscopy), instrumental (puncture biopsy, catheterization, augmentation), measuring diagnostic methods (cystometry, urofluometry), etc. are used.
Treatment of urogenital pathology has its own specific features. Since many urological diseases are sexually transmitted, both sexual partners need to undergo appropriate treatment. Diseases of the genitourinary system are an intimate sphere of human life, therefore, the doctor is required to show maximum delicacy and psychological support for patients in their treatment. Urological diseases affect the sexual function of men and women, so their adequate and timely treatment allows you to preserve sexual health and family well-being. Surgical treatment of urological problems can be aimed not only at normalizing the work of the genitourinary apparatus, but also at aesthetic correction, which allows patients to get rid of many psychological complexes.
In the heading “Urological diseases” of the Medical Directory of Diseases on the website “Medic Journal” you will find a description of the most common diseases of the genitourinary system, which will allow you to seek qualified medical care in a timely manner.
Chronic pyelonephritis is a chronic nonspecific bacterial inflammation that occurs mainly with the involvement of interstitial kidney tissue and cup-pelvic complexes. It is manifested by malaise, dull lower back pain, subfebrility, dysuric symptoms. In the process of diagnosis, laboratory tests of urine and blood, ultrasound of the kidneys, retrograde pyelography, scintigraphy are carried out. Treatment…
Chronic glomerulonephritis is a progressive diffuse immuno–inflammatory lesion of the glomerular apparatus of the kidneys with an outcome of sclerosis and renal failure. It may be asymptomatic, include an increase in blood pressure, edema, and disorders of the general condition. In diagnostics, urine test, ultrasound of the kidneys, morphological examination of renal tissue (biopsy), intravenous…
Chronic renal failure is a gradual extinction of renal functions caused by the death of nephrons due to chronic kidney disease. In the initial stages, it is asymptomatic, followed by disorders of the general condition and urinary excretion, edema, itching of the skin. Gradual deterioration of kidney function leads to disruption of the vital activity…
Chronic urinary retention is the inability to completely empty the bladder. Symptoms depend on the amount of residual urine, represented by the underlying disease. When the volume of residual fluid is more than 150-200 ml, there are complaints of heaviness in the lower abdomen, frequent urge to urinate. Diagnosis involves ultrasound of the pelvic organs,…
Funiculocele is a cyst of the spermatic cord located between the leaves of its own shells and filled with serous fluid. The size of the formation (from 2-3 mm to 8-10 cm) correlates with clinical manifestations. A small funiculocele is asymptomatic, with a large cyst there are complaints of discomfort in the scrotum, which increases…
Phimosis is a narrowing of the foreskin, in which it is difficult or impossible to remove the head of the penis. The symptoms are variable, depending on the severity of the phimotic ring. In children under 5 years of age, in most cases there are no unpleasant clinical manifestations, in adults, pain and microcracks appear…
Urosepsis is a generalized nonspecific infectious and inflammatory process caused by the penetration of uroinfectious pathogens and their toxins into the bloodstream. It is manifested by sudden deterioration of the condition, hyperthermia, chills, tachycardia, oliguria, symptoms of general intoxication, aggravating the main uropathology. It is diagnosed with the help of blood and urine tests, ultrasound,…
Urethritis is an inflammation of the walls of the urethra (urethra). Signs are pain, pain and burning when urinating, pathological discharge from the urethra, the nature of which depends on the causative agent of the disease. In complicated cases, the inflammatory process also passes to neighboring pelvic organs: prostate, bladder and scrotum organs. Another consequence…
Ureterocele is a defect of the ureter characterized by cystic expansion of its distal part and bulging into the bladder cavity. Pathology is accompanied by lower back pain, dysuric disorders, hematuria. Diagnosis includes ultrasound of the bladder and kidneys, excretory urography, cystography, cystoscopy. Treatment consists in dissecting the narrowed mouth of the ureter and removing…
Ureteritis is an inflammation of the ureter. Isolated process is rare, the lesion is more often associated with prolonged chronic cystitis, pyelonephritis. There are no pathognomonic symptoms, clinical manifestations are due to the underlying pathology, include pain during urination, pain in the groin and lower back, hyperthermia. Diagnosis is based on the results of imaging…
