Urology as a field of medical science is engaged in the study of the urinary and related human reproductive system, the physiological and pathological processes occurring in them, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases of the genitourinary organs (urethra, bladder, ureters, kidneys, male genitalia). The sphere of interests of urology as a science intersects with other areas of clinical medicine: gynecology, andrology, venereology, nephrology, surgery. A urologist is engaged in the treatment and prevention of pathology of the genitourinary system of men and women.
Urological diseases of men, women, children and the elderly have their own peculiarities of development and course, which is explained by the anatomical, physiological and age characteristics of their organisms. Among the pathology of the male genitourinary system, inflammatory processes (orchitis and epididymitis, urethritis, balanoposthitis, prostatitis, cystitis), prostate adenoma, sexual infections are more common. Female urological diseases are urethritis, cystitis, sexually transmitted infections and their consequences. Both men and women have urolithiasis, pyelonephritis, tumors of the genitourinary organs, chronic renal failure. In childhood, congenital anomalies of the genitourinary system, cystitis and enuresis are more common. In elderly people, urinary incontinence and tumor formations come to the fore among urological problems.
The most common manifestations of diseases of the genitourinary system are disorders of urination (increased frequency or delay), pain in the lumbar region, in the genital area, burning and itching of the genitals, pathological discharge from the urethra, disorder of sexual function, changes in the amount or color of urine, edema.
Diseases of the genitourinary system are by no means harmless. Their consequences lead to the development of chronic foci of infection, impotence, infertility, the need for a donor kidney transplant and even death. For a man, a urologist is as important a doctor as a gynecologist is for a woman. Therefore, regardless of complaints, visits to the urologist should be regular, at least 1-2 times a year.
Modern diagnostic capabilities of urology are very great. Laboratory methods of urine and urethral discharge, ultrasound and X-ray diagnostics, endoscopic (urethroscopy and cystoscopy), instrumental (puncture biopsy, catheterization, augmentation), measuring diagnostic methods (cystometry, urofluometry), etc. are used.
Treatment of urogenital pathology has its own specific features. Since many urological diseases are sexually transmitted, both sexual partners need to undergo appropriate treatment. Diseases of the genitourinary system are an intimate sphere of human life, therefore, the doctor is required to show maximum delicacy and psychological support for patients in their treatment. Urological diseases affect the sexual function of men and women, so their adequate and timely treatment allows you to preserve sexual health and family well-being. Surgical treatment of urological problems can be aimed not only at normalizing the work of the genitourinary apparatus, but also at aesthetic correction, which allows patients to get rid of many psychological complexes.
In the heading “Urological diseases” of the Medical Directory of Diseases on the website “Medic Journal” you will find a description of the most common diseases of the genitourinary system, which will allow you to seek qualified medical care in a timely manner.

Uremia

Uremia is a severe clinical manifestation of progressive renal insufficiency caused by autointoxication with nitrogenous and other toxic metabolites. It is manifested by increasing asthenia, pallor and subictericity of the skin, painful itching, petechial rash, arterial hypertension, ammonia odor from the mouth, dyspeptic disorders, respiratory disorders. It is diagnosed using a biochemical blood test, a…

Tubular Kidney Carcinoma

Tubular kidney carcinoma is a type of kidney cancer originating from the renal tubules (Henle loops). The symptoms of the disease are similar to other types of cancer. There is hematuria, soreness and palpable swelling in the projection of the kidney, anemia, intoxication. Diagnosis of pathology is carried out on the basis of laboratory tests,…

Kidney Tuberculosis

Kidney tuberculosis is an extrapulmonary infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and affecting the renal parenchyma. The clinic is nonspecific, may include malaise, subfebrility, lower back pain, macrohematuria, dysuria. Kidney tuberculosis is diagnosed using laboratory urine tests, tuberculin diagnostics, kidney ultrasound, urography, retrograde ureteropyelography, nephroscintigraphy, morphological examination. Treatment involves the appointment of specific anti-tuberculosis therapy; with…

Bladder Tuberculosis

Bladder tuberculosis is one of the extrapulmonary manifestations of the disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis. The disease most often develops as a complication of nephrotuberculosis in patients with concomitant chronic pathologies of the urinary system. The main symptoms include pain over the pubis, constant urination disorders, blood impurities in the urine. Ultrasound,…

Renal Vein Thrombosis

Renal vein thrombosis is an acute or chronic occlusion of the venous network of the kidneys. It is manifested by abdominal and lower back pain, macrohematuria, oligoanuria, intoxication syndrome. With a chronic course, it can occur monosymptomically with a persistent increase in blood pressure. It is diagnosed using magnetic resonance, computer, selective renal phlebography, duplex…

Trigonitis

Trigonitis is an inflammatory process in the bottom of the bladder, according to other data – a benign change in urothelial cells by the type of non–corneal squamous metaplasia. It may be asymptomatic or accompanied by discomfort with frequent urination, urgent urges, hematuria. Diagnostics is based on the data of urine test, cystoscopy. Verification of…

Urethral Injuries

Urethral injuries is a partial or complete violation of the integrity of the urethra under the influence of destructive mechanical factors. It manifests itself with urethrorragia, dysuria, urinary retention, pain, hematoma, swelling in the area of damage. It is diagnosed using an urine analysis, urethral ultrasound, retrograde urethrography. In case of bruises, conservative anti-inflammatory, analgesic,…

Ureteral Injury

Ureteral injury is damage to the ureteral wall. It is manifested by heaviness, bursting pains in the lumbar, iliac and subcostal areas, hematuria, rarely — anuria. With combined injuries, it is usually masked by symptoms of damage to other organs. It is diagnosed using ultrasound, CT, MRI, retroperitoneal MSCT, intravenous urography, retrograde ureteropyelography, general urine…

Urethral Stricture

Urethral stricture is a pathological narrowing of the internal lumen of the urethra, leading to urination disorders of varying severity. Urination becomes difficult, frequent and painful, accompanied by a spray of urine and a feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder. Diagnosis requires urodynamic studies, urethrography and urethroscopy, ultrasound of the bladder with measurement of…

Bladder Injury

Bladder injury is a violation of the integrity of the organ wall caused by mechanical trauma, exposure to chemicals, rarely by urine pressure in some diseases. It is manifested by abdominal pain, swelling and cyanosis of the skin above the womb, frequent false urge to urinate, a decrease or absence of diuresis, macrohematuria, leakage of…