Urology as a field of medical science is engaged in the study of the urinary and related human reproductive system, the physiological and pathological processes occurring in them, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases of the genitourinary organs (urethra, bladder, ureters, kidneys, male genitalia). The sphere of interests of urology as a science intersects with other areas of clinical medicine: gynecology, andrology, venereology, nephrology, surgery. A urologist is engaged in the treatment and prevention of pathology of the genitourinary system of men and women.
Urological diseases of men, women, children and the elderly have their own peculiarities of development and course, which is explained by the anatomical, physiological and age characteristics of their organisms. Among the pathology of the male genitourinary system, inflammatory processes (orchitis and epididymitis, urethritis, balanoposthitis, prostatitis, cystitis), prostate adenoma, sexual infections are more common. Female urological diseases are urethritis, cystitis, sexually transmitted infections and their consequences. Both men and women have urolithiasis, pyelonephritis, tumors of the genitourinary organs, chronic renal failure. In childhood, congenital anomalies of the genitourinary system, cystitis and enuresis are more common. In elderly people, urinary incontinence and tumor formations come to the fore among urological problems.
The most common manifestations of diseases of the genitourinary system are disorders of urination (increased frequency or delay), pain in the lumbar region, in the genital area, burning and itching of the genitals, pathological discharge from the urethra, disorder of sexual function, changes in the amount or color of urine, edema.
Diseases of the genitourinary system are by no means harmless. Their consequences lead to the development of chronic foci of infection, impotence, infertility, the need for a donor kidney transplant and even death. For a man, a urologist is as important a doctor as a gynecologist is for a woman. Therefore, regardless of complaints, visits to the urologist should be regular, at least 1-2 times a year.
Modern diagnostic capabilities of urology are very great. Laboratory methods of urine and urethral discharge, ultrasound and X-ray diagnostics, endoscopic (urethroscopy and cystoscopy), instrumental (puncture biopsy, catheterization, augmentation), measuring diagnostic methods (cystometry, urofluometry), etc. are used.
Treatment of urogenital pathology has its own specific features. Since many urological diseases are sexually transmitted, both sexual partners need to undergo appropriate treatment. Diseases of the genitourinary system are an intimate sphere of human life, therefore, the doctor is required to show maximum delicacy and psychological support for patients in their treatment. Urological diseases affect the sexual function of men and women, so their adequate and timely treatment allows you to preserve sexual health and family well-being. Surgical treatment of urological problems can be aimed not only at normalizing the work of the genitourinary apparatus, but also at aesthetic correction, which allows patients to get rid of many psychological complexes.
In the heading “Urological diseases” of the Medical Directory of Diseases on the website “Medic Journal” you will find a description of the most common diseases of the genitourinary system, which will allow you to seek qualified medical care in a timely manner.

Toxic Nephropathy

Toxic nephropathy is damage to the glomerular apparatus and renal tubules caused by the action of exo— and endotoxins, hemodynamic and metabolic disorders in poisoning. It is manifested by lower back pain, asthenic syndrome, swelling, oligoanuria, which is subsequently replaced by polyuria, multiple organ disorders. It is diagnosed with the help of general, biochemical blood…

Ureteral Stricture

Ureteral stricture is an abnormal narrowing of the ureteral canal, completely or partially disrupting its patency. As a result of impaired urine outflow from the kidney, pathology causes the development of various diseases: pyelonephritis, stone formation, hydronephrosis, chronic renal failure, accompanied by characteristic symptoms. Ureteral stricture is diagnosed according to the results of urography, ultrasound,…

Renal Artery Stenosis

Renal artery stenosis is a narrowing of the diameter of one or both renal arteries or their branches, accompanied by a decrease in renal perfusion. It is manifested by the development of renovascular arterial hypertension (up to 200/140-170 mmHg) and ischemic nephropathy. Diagnosis is based on laboratory tests, ultrasound of renal vessels, excretory urography, renal…

Renal Fusion

Renal fusion is a congenital disorder of the relationship of the excretory organs, characterized by the fusion of both kidneys into one. It may be accompanied by pain syndrome, symptoms of compression of the inferior vena cava, secondary renal complications (hydronephrosis, chronic pyelonephritis, nephrolithiasis, nephrogenic hypertension). Diagnosis is based on the results of ultrasound, intravenous…

Bladder neck sclerosis

Bladder neck sclerosis is a scar deformity of the urethro-vesical junction caused by traumatic effects, inflammatory processes. It is manifested by difficulty urinating, sluggishness of the urine stream, dysuric phenomena. It is diagnosed using uroflowmetry, retrograde and mictional urethrography, ultrasound of the urinary organs, MSCT cystourethrography, posterior urethroscopy, cystoscopy. It is treated promptly by transurethral…

Skineitis

Skineitis is an acute or chronic recurrent infectious inflammation of the paraurethral glands. It is manifested by dysuria, dyspareunia, chronic pelvic pain. It is diagnosed by vaginal examination, urethroscopy, inoculation of a smear from the urethra, PCR diagnostics, ELISA. Conservative therapy of skineitis includes the appointment of antibacterial agents, NSAIDs, immunomodulatory and immunostimulating drugs. Surgical…

Bartter Syndrome

Bartter syndrome is a genetically determined tubulopathy, manifested by pronounced disorders of electrolyte metabolism (hypokalemia), acid-base balance (metabolic alkalosis), hypovolemia, compensatory hyperplasia of the juxtaglomerular (near-tubular) apparatus of the kidneys and secondary hyperaldosteronism. It is diagnosed according to clinical symptoms: polyuria, lag in psychomotor development, muscle hypotension, as well as laboratory indicators of blood and…

Bladder Fistula

Bladder fistula is the presence of a pathological passage connecting the bladder with adjacent internal organs (vagina, intestines) or skin. Pathology is characterized by urine excretion through a communicating organ, permanent urinary tract infections. The scope of the diagnostic examination should include gynecological examination, ultrasound of the bladder and pelvic organs, cystoscopy, chromocystoscopy, fistulography, urography,…

Kidney Sarcoma

Kidney sarcoma is a rare malignant neoplasm that develops from one or more progenitor cell lines of the mesenchymal kidney tissue (muscle, fat, vascular elements). Symptoms in the early stages may be absent, as the tumor grows, there are pulling pains in the lower back on the side of the lesion, macrohematuria, weakness. The diagnosis…

Urethral Cancer

Urethral cancer is a malignant tumor of the urethra. In women, it is manifested by burning, pain, cuts, urethrorrhagia, urinary incontinence, contact bleeding. Men have difficulty urinating, hematuria, the presence of a palpable tumor, purulent discharge, erectile dysfunction. Diagnosis consists in urethroscopy, cystoscopy, neoplasm biopsy, urethrography, cystography, in men – cavernosography, prostatography. In women, the…