Urology as a field of medical science is engaged in the study of the urinary and related human reproductive system, the physiological and pathological processes occurring in them, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases of the genitourinary organs (urethra, bladder, ureters, kidneys, male genitalia). The sphere of interests of urology as a science intersects with other areas of clinical medicine: gynecology, andrology, venereology, nephrology, surgery. A urologist is engaged in the treatment and prevention of pathology of the genitourinary system of men and women.
Urological diseases of men, women, children and the elderly have their own peculiarities of development and course, which is explained by the anatomical, physiological and age characteristics of their organisms. Among the pathology of the male genitourinary system, inflammatory processes (orchitis and epididymitis, urethritis, balanoposthitis, prostatitis, cystitis), prostate adenoma, sexual infections are more common. Female urological diseases are urethritis, cystitis, sexually transmitted infections and their consequences. Both men and women have urolithiasis, pyelonephritis, tumors of the genitourinary organs, chronic renal failure. In childhood, congenital anomalies of the genitourinary system, cystitis and enuresis are more common. In elderly people, urinary incontinence and tumor formations come to the fore among urological problems.
The most common manifestations of diseases of the genitourinary system are disorders of urination (increased frequency or delay), pain in the lumbar region, in the genital area, burning and itching of the genitals, pathological discharge from the urethra, disorder of sexual function, changes in the amount or color of urine, edema.
Diseases of the genitourinary system are by no means harmless. Their consequences lead to the development of chronic foci of infection, impotence, infertility, the need for a donor kidney transplant and even death. For a man, a urologist is as important a doctor as a gynecologist is for a woman. Therefore, regardless of complaints, visits to the urologist should be regular, at least 1-2 times a year.
Modern diagnostic capabilities of urology are very great. Laboratory methods of urine and urethral discharge, ultrasound and X-ray diagnostics, endoscopic (urethroscopy and cystoscopy), instrumental (puncture biopsy, catheterization, augmentation), measuring diagnostic methods (cystometry, urofluometry), etc. are used.
Treatment of urogenital pathology has its own specific features. Since many urological diseases are sexually transmitted, both sexual partners need to undergo appropriate treatment. Diseases of the genitourinary system are an intimate sphere of human life, therefore, the doctor is required to show maximum delicacy and psychological support for patients in their treatment. Urological diseases affect the sexual function of men and women, so their adequate and timely treatment allows you to preserve sexual health and family well-being. Surgical treatment of urological problems can be aimed not only at normalizing the work of the genitourinary apparatus, but also at aesthetic correction, which allows patients to get rid of many psychological complexes.
In the heading “Urological diseases” of the Medical Directory of Diseases on the website “Medic Journal” you will find a description of the most common diseases of the genitourinary system, which will allow you to seek qualified medical care in a timely manner.
Urinary incontinence is an involuntary outflow of urine that cannot be controlled by volitional effort. Pathology is widespread all over the world. Data on the prevalence are contradictory, which is explained both by differences in the choice of the studied populations, and by the fact that only a small part of patients suffering from various…
Hereditary nephritis is a genetically determined nonimmune glomerulopathy that often leads to kidney failure. It is manifested by asthenic, intoxication syndromes, delayed physical development in children, macrohematuria, polyuria, nocturia, edema, arterial hypertension. It is diagnosed using a general urinalysis, puncture biopsy, electron microscopy. Symptomatic therapy with ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, immunomodulators, anabolics, calcineurin inhibitors…
Urolithiasis is a common urological disease manifested by the formation of stones in various parts of the urinary system, most often in the kidneys and bladder. There is often a tendency to severe recurrent course of urolithiasis. Urolithiasis is diagnosed according to clinical symptoms, the results of X-ray examination, CT, ultrasound of the kidneys and…
Urethral syndrome is a laboratory syndrome that includes proteinuria, hematuria, leukocyturia and cylindruria. The listed violations occur all together or manifest themselves in various combinations of 2-3 signs. Pathology is observed in glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, urolithiasis and other types of kidney damage. The main symptoms: swelling on the face, pain in the lower back or lower…
Membranous glomerulonephritis is a disease characterized by damage to the glomeruli of the nephron with the development of nephrotic syndrome and renal failure. At the initial stages, the course is asymptomatic, in the future there are pain in the lower back, oliguria, swelling of subcutaneous fat. Diagnosis is carried out through laboratory tests (general blood…
Megacalicosis is an enlargement of the kidney cups with a defect in the development of the malpighian pyramids, not associated with obstruction. Pathology is attributed to congenital diseases of the cup-medullary system of the kidney. Symptoms appear with the development of complications, including pain in the lumbar region, fever with chills, discomfort with frequent urination.…
Malakoplakia is a tumor—like granulomatous inflammatory lesion of the urinary organs, gonads, intestines with the formation of soft plaques or yellow nodules on the mucosa and interstitial. Depending on the localization, it is manifested by frequent painful urination, hematuria, lower back pain, in severe cases — hyperthermia, arterial hypertension. It is diagnosed by cystoscopy, ultrasound,…
Radiation cystitis is a reaction of bladder tissues to ionizing radiation carried out as part of the treatment of malignant pelvic tumors. The symptoms depend on the radiation load received, range from minor discomfort during urination, frequent urge and microhematuria to severe pain, the appearance of recurrent bleeding, life-threatening. The diagnosis is confirmed by urinalysis,…
Lipoid nephrosis is a disease characterized by a dystrophic lesion of the glomeruli with the development of nephrotic syndrome. At the initial stages, the symptoms are not determined, further edema of subcutaneous fat, weakness, severe thirst, appetite disorders develop. Diagnosis is based on the results of laboratory tests (general and biochemical blood and urine tests),…
Drug nephropathy is an acute or chronic lesion of the renal glomeruli, tubules, interstitium caused by taking medications. It is manifested by polyuria, oligoanuria, nocturia, hematuria, lower back pain, asthenic, edematous and hypertensive syndromes. It is diagnosed on the basis of general and biochemical blood, urine, ultrasound, CT, MRI of the kidneys, urography, nephroscintigraphy, renal…
