Juvenile parkinsonism is a genetically determined form of early Parkinsonism, manifesting before the age of 25. Typical features of the clinical picture are symmetry of manifestations, static and kinetic trembling, pyramidal signs, elements of dyskinesia, intellectual preservation. Instrumental diagnostics includes EEG, EMG, brain MRI, PET. Genetic research is carried out: genealogical analysis, DNA diagnostics. Treatment…
Cerebral echinococcosis is a disease caused by the penetration of echinococcus larvae into the brain with the formation of single or multiple cysts—bubbles. Depending on the location, it is manifested by headaches, epileptic seizures, paresis, visual impairment, mental disorder. The basis for the diagnosis is the presence of a cyst according to tomography, an increasing…
Esthesioneuroblastoma is a malignant neoplasm of olfactory neuroepithelial cells that occurs in the nasal cavity and spreads rapidly into the paranasal sinuses, the cavity of the eye socket, the latticed bone and the base of the skull. The main symptoms are: nasal congestion, abundant mucous discharge, anosmia, swelling of the zygomatic area. In the diagnosis…
Essential tremor is a hereditary type of hyperkinesis, manifested by kinetic and postural trembling of the hands, head, lower jaw, lips, eyelids, vocal cords, less often — legs, trunk. It is diagnosed mainly clinically. The exclusion of secondary tremors is carried out with the help of biochemical analyses, hormonal studies, MRI and CT of the…
Erythromelalgia is a chronic angiotrophoneurosis, manifested by paroxysms of local burning pain with swelling and sharp redness of the skin. As a rule, it occurs in the feet, less often in the hands, the area of the auricles, nose. It can have a primary and secondary character. Pathology is diagnosed according to a typical seizure…
Status epilepticus is one epiprime lasting more than 30 minutes, or a series of seizures of the same duration, between which there is no complete or almost complete restoration of consciousness and normalization of the state. Disease can have a convulsive and non-convulsive form, occur against the background of epilepsy or be symptomatic. Diagnosis is…
Epilepsy is a condition characterized by repeated (more than two) epileptic seizures, not provoked by any immediately identifiable causes. Epileptic seizure is a clinical manifestation of abnormal and excessive discharge of neurons of the brain, causing sudden transient pathological phenomena (sensitive, motor, mental, vegetative symptoms, changes in consciousness). It should be remembered that several epileptic…
Epidural hematoma is an accumulation of blood that fills the space formed as a result of trauma between the bones of the skull and the dura mater. In typical cases, it is characterized by a violation of consciousness with the presence of a light period, signs of intracranial hypertension and compression of the brain, focal…
Spinal ependymoma is a tumor formation from the cells of the ependyma of the spinal canal, which has a different degree of malignancy. It is manifested by local pain in the spine (less often by the radicular nature of pain), sensitivity disorders, peripheral and central paresis, violation of urination, defecation. The final diagnosis is established…
