CNS tumors are various neoplasms of the spinal cord and brain, their membranes, cerebrospinal tract, vessels. The symptoms of a CNS tumor have a very variable character and are divided into focal (neurological deficit), cerebral, manifestations in the neighborhood and remote. In diagnostics, in addition to neurological examination, X-ray, electrophysiological, ultrasound methods and cerebrospinal puncture…
Brain stem tumors are neoplasms of the bridge, middle and medulla oblongata. There are many variable symptoms, such as: strabismus, hearing disorder, nystagmus, choking, facial asymmetry, discoordination and gait disorder, dizziness, lower or upper monoparesis, hemiparesis, cerebrospinal hypertension syndrome. The only informative method for diagnosing neoplasms of the trunk to date, which allows determining the…
Spinal cord tumor are neoplasms of a primary and metastatic nature, localized in the near—spinal space, membranes or substance of the spinal cord. The clinical picture of spinal tumors is variable and may include radicular syndrome, segmental and conductive sensory disorders, single- or bilateral paresis below the lesion level, pelvic disorders. In diagnostics, it is possible…
Peripheral nerve tumors are neoplasms affecting the trunk or nerve sheaths of the peripheral nervous system. Clinically manifested by paresthesia, pain, impaired nerve function (numbness and muscle weakness in the area of its innervation). Diagnostics includes clinical and neurological examination, ultrasound, MRI, electrophysiological studies. According to the indications, the tumor is exfoliated or removed together…
Cerebellar tumor is a benign or malignant neoplasm localized in the cerebellum. It can be primary and secondary (metastatic) in nature. Cerebellar tumor is manifested by variable symptoms, which belong to 3 main groups: cerebral, cerebellar and stem. Diagnosis is based on the results of magnetic resonance imaging of cerebral structures. The final verification of…
Brain tumor are intracranial neoplasms, including both tumor lesions of cerebral tissues, and nerves, membranes, vessels, and endocrine structures of the brain. They are manifested by focal symptoms, depending on the topic of the lesion, and general cerebral symptoms. The diagnostic algorithm includes examination by a neurologist and an ophthalmologist, Echo-EG, EEG, CT and MRI of…
Neuromyelitis optica (Devik’s disease) is a demyelinating pathology characterized by selective damage to the spinal cord and optic nerves. The clinical picture is characterized by a combination of visual disorders with symptoms of myelitis (para- or tetraparesis, sensitivity disorders, pelvic dysfunction). Diagnosis is carried out by means of a study of the cerebrospinal fluid, MRI of…
Olivopontocerebellar atrophy are hereditary degenerative diseases of the central nervous system, united by a similar localization of the pathological process in the cerebellum, lower olives and the bridge of the brain. The clinic consists of cerebellar syndrome, extrapyramidal disorders, cognitive and mental disorders. Olivopontocerebellar atrophy are diagnosed on the basis of anamnesis, genealogical research, neurological…
Occlusion of the carotid arteries is a partial or complete obturation of the lumen of the carotid arteries supplying blood to the brain. It may have an asymptomatic course, but is more often manifested by repeated TIA, a clinic of chronic cerebral ischemia, ischemic strokes in the basin of the middle and anterior cerebral arteries.…
Occlusive hydrocephalus is an increase in the volume of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricular system due to blocking of the cerebrospinal fluid pathways. It leads to an increase in pressure inside the skull, clinically manifested by cephalgia, vomiting, visual impairment, ataxia, autonomic dysfunction, depression of consciousness. Diagnosis is carried out according to the results of…