Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) mainly occurs with traumatic brain injuries, less often the cause is cerebral tumors, birth defects, complications of neurosurgical interventions. With cerebrospinal fluid, a clear, odorless liquid flows out of the ear or nose, often accompanied by disturbances of consciousness and signs of focal damage to the structures of the central nervous system.…
Encephalitis lethargica is a viral encephalitis, the peculiarity of which is a two-phase course, the presence of pathological drowsiness in combination with oculomotor disorders and other neurological symptoms. In the chronic phase, extrapyramidal disorders usually prevail. Diagnosis is carried out using clinical analyses, EEG, ultrasound, REG, cerebrospinal fluid studies, MRI of the brain. Disease is…
Leptomeningeal disease is an inflammation of the soft and arachnoid meninges that occurs when infected with bacterial, viral or fungal agents. The clinical triad includes severe headaches in the forehead and temples, repeated vomiting without nausea, and an increase in body temperature of more than 38 ° C. Diagnosis of pathology involves general and microbiological…
Drug-induced parkinsonism is a secondary iatrogenic Parkinsonian syndrome that develops against the background of taking a number of pharmacological drugs. The clinic simulates Parkinson’s disease. Features are subacute debut, initially symmetrical nature of manifestations, rapid progression. Diagnostics includes a study of drug history, assessment of neurological status, instrumental examinations (MRI, EEG). It is recommended to…
Schilder’s disease is a degenerative demyelinating lesion of the brain, accompanied by the formation of large or drain zones of demyelination. It has a steadily progressive course with a nonspecific and polymorphic clinical picture, which may include mental disorders, pyramidal and extrapyramidal syndromes, cognitive deficits, damage to cranial nerves, episyndrome. Schilder’s disease is diagnosed according…
Leukodystrophy is a neurodegenerative disease caused by a hereditary metabolic disorder with the accumulation of metabolites in the brain and spinal cord that provoke the destruction of myelin. Manifests mainly in childhood with delayed psychomotor development, motor disorders, damage to the visual and auditory nerves, hydrocephalus, epileptic seizures. Leukodystrophy is diagnosed according to the neurological…
Neanderthal DNA may be associated with the formation of harmful habits in modern people like smoking and alcoholism. This conclusion was reached by scientists from the University of Tartu in Estonia. Back in 2010, the current winner of the Nobel Prize, Swede Svante Paabo, sequenced and analyzed the DNA of Neanderthals, taking genetic material from…
Mild cognitive impairment is a slight decrease in the cognitive functions of the patient compared to a higher premorbid level. The symptoms remain objectively invisible, but the patients themselves complain of forgetfulness, difficulty concentrating, fatigue during mental work. Diagnosis involves a pathopsychological and neuropsychological study of the intellectual sphere, a conversation with a psychiatrist, an…
Lacunar stroke is an ischemic stroke that covers a small area of cerebral tissues, in which a lacuna is then formed. The foci of stroke can be multiple in nature. The clinical picture consists of various focal symptoms that do not reach a severe degree of severity. In the future, the progression of cognitive deficits…
Intraventricular hemorrhage is one of the types of acute cerebral circulatory disorders – the most common pathology in neurology. The development of hemorrhage in the brain, as a rule, is promoted by untreated persistent hypertension, alcohol abuse, smoking, taking drugs that violate blood clotting. The diagnosis is made on the basis of collecting the patient’s…