Diastematomyelia is a partial or complete splitting of the spinal cord by a longitudinal septum into two halves, each of which contains a central canal. A congenital anomaly usually affects the lumbar-thoracic spine, is characterized by skin manifestations, neurological and orthopedic disorders, and is accompanied by other neural tube defects. Pathology is diagnosed by physical…
Diabetic encephalopathy is a diffuse degenerative brain lesion that occurs against the background of diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by memory impairment, a decrease in the intellectual sphere, neurosis-like changes, asthenia, vegetative-vascular dysfunction, focal symptoms. It is diagnosed in diabetics as a result of neurological examination, complex analysis of EEG, REG, and cerebral MRI data.…
Jacksonian seizure is a separate type of focal epilepsy characterized by motor, sensory or mixed paroxysms that begin locally with preserved consciousness and spread through the body in a certain sequence. As a rule, it is based on an organic substrate. Disease is diagnosed according to the clinic, EEG, MRI or CT of the brain. Treatment…
Cerebral palsy is a concept that unites a group of motor disorders that occur as a result of damage to various brain structures in the perinatal period. Infantile cerebral palsy may include mono-, hemi-, para-, tetra- paralysis and paresis, pathological changes in muscle tone, hyperkinesis, speech disorders, unsteadiness of gait, movement coordination disorders, frequent falls,…
Dermal sinus is a congenital anomaly in the form of a fistula, through which the skin communicates with the nerve structures of the spinal cord and brain. Pathology can affect any segments of the craniospinal tract, manifested by skin signs (deepening, hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis), neurological disorders (lower paraparesis, pelvic organ dysfunction, cerebrospinal hypertension), often complicated by…
Dysthymic disorder is a type of neurotic disorder characterized by a constantly sad mood, physical inactivity and general lethargy. Disease is accompanied by vegetative-somatic disorders and sleep disorders. He has such distinctive features as an optimistic outlook on the future, the preservation of the ability to work professionally, the absence of deep personality changes. For…
Demyelinating disease are a large group of diseases in which the myelin sheaths of the structures of the central and peripheral nervous system are destroyed. They have a multifactorial nature, occur with a combination of burdened heredity and external risk factors. The most common nosologies are multiple sclerosis, various clinical forms of multiple encephalomyelitis and polyneuropathies.…
Dementia with Lewy bodies is a degenerative progressive cerebral lesion characterized by the presence of a large number of intraneuronal pathological inclusions. Clinically manifested by a combination of increasing dementia and mental disorders with symptoms of Parkinsonism, sleep disorders, autonomic dysregulation. Dementia is diagnosed according to clinical criteria, the results of neurological and neuropsychological examination,…
Mild intellectual disabilities (debility) is the mildest form of mental retardation, characterized by a significant decrease in the ability to abstract thinking and generalization with the preservation of motor skills. Typical for imbecility is visual-imaginative thinking, the inability to build complex conclusions, difficulty in capturing internal connections between objects and events, underdevelopment of moral and…
Two-wave viral meningoencephalitis is a form of tick-borne encephalitis, the peculiarity of which is the presence of two periods of clinical manifestations of the disease, separated from each other by a short remission. In the first period, diseaseoccurs with general cerebral and general infectious symptoms, in the second – with focal symptoms of organic damage…