Mounier-Kuhn syndrome is a pathological expansion of the lumen of the trachea and proximal bronchi caused by structural defects in their walls. The anatomical anomaly is accompanied by a clinic of recurrent respiratory tract infections: a characteristic “vibrating” cough with purulent sputum, wheezing when breathing, constant shortness of breath, hemoptysis. The presumed diagnosis is clarified…
Mendelson syndrome is an acute aspiration pneumonitis that develops as a result of acidic gastric contents entering the respiratory tract. It occurs more often as a complication of an anesthetic aid. The Mendelson syndrome clinic unfolds in a matter of hours and includes shortness of breath, fever, respiratory failure, and bacterial pneumonia. The syndrome is…
McLeod syndrome is a chronic pathology with progressive hypoplasia and a decrease in the density of one lung or its lobe, reduction of arterioles, obliteration of small bronchi and bullous alveolar change. The course of McLeod syndrome is accompanied by increasing expiratory dyspnea, persistent cough with intermittent scanty sputum, diffuse chest pain, chest asymmetry, respiratory…
Caplan syndrome is a pathology characterized by the development of primary chronic arthritis against the background of progressive pneumoconiosis. The clinical picture consists of symptoms of general intoxication, shortness of breath, dry cough and joint damage resembling rheumatoid arthritis (symmetrical aching pains, morning stiffness). The diagnosis is established on the basis of professional anamnesis, detection…
Williams-Campbell syndrome is a rare congenital pathology of the respiratory system caused by underdevelopment of bronchial cartilage from 2 to 8 generations, characterized by a lack of tone of their walls, dyskinesia and impaired drainage function. It is manifested by frequent recurrent inflammatory and suppurative processes of the lungs, bronchial obstruction. It is diagnosed using…
Silicosis is a occupational disease characterized by the development of severe pneumofibrosis due to prolonged inhalation of dust with a high content of free silicon dioxide. The symptoms are progressive: shortness of breath first occurs during exercise, then at rest, periodic coughing is replaced by a constant cough, chest pain increases, in the later stages,…
Cardiopulmonary insufficiency is a decompensated stage of the pulmonary heart, occurring with acute or chronic right ventricular heart failure. It is characterized by shortness of breath, tachycardia, pain in the heart, peripheral edema, hepatomegaly, cyanotic staining of the skin, swelling of the neck veins. Instrumental diagnostics is based on the evaluation of radiological, electrocardiographic and…
Pulmonary sequestration is a defect in the formation of the lungs, which consists in the separation from the main organ of a rudimentary section of lung tissue with autonomous blood flow that does not participate in the gas exchange process. Symptoms may be meager; with an exacerbation of infectious inflammation, it includes fever, weakness, shortness of…
Segmental pneumonia is an inflammation of the morphofunctional unit of the lung lobe – the bronchopulmonary segment. The disease occurs more often in children. Segmental pneumonia is characterized by an acute onset, high fever, severe intoxication, staccato cough, chest or abdominal pain. It can take a prolonged course, lead to the formation of pneumosclerosis and…
Lung sarcoma is an extremely aggressive malignant tumor that develops from immature connective tissue elements of the lung. The symptoms of lung sarcoma are similar to the manifestations of lung cancer, but differ in more rapid progression. Subjective symptoms may include shortness of breath, cough, swallowing disorders, fever, severe fatigue, sweating. The syndrome of the…