Pleurisy – etiologically different inflammatory lesions of the serous membrane surrounding the lungs. Disease is accompanied by chest pains, shortness of breath, cough, weakness, fever, auscultative phenomena (pleural friction noise, weakening of breathing). Diagnosis is carried out using chest X-ray, ultrasound of the pleural cavity, pleural puncture, diagnostic thoracoscopy. Treatment may include conservative therapy (antibiotics, NSAIDs,…
Pyopneumothorax is a pleural disease that develops with the simultaneous entry of pus and air into the pleural fissure from destructive pulmonary foci. Pyopneumothorax is accompanied by sharp chest pain, sudden shortness of breath, cough, apnea, cyanosis, severe hypotension, symptoms of purulent intoxication. The diagnosis of pyopneumothorax is made according to lung radiography, diagnostic pleural…
Open pneumothorax is an open communication of the pleural cavity with the external environment, in which atmospheric air freely circulates through a defect in the chest wall during breathing. The condition of a patient with an open pneumothorax is severe: there is excitement, rapid shallow breathing, cyanosis, air intake into the wound during inhalation and…
Pulmonary edema is an acute pulmonary insufficiency associated with a massive release of transudate from the capillaries into the lung tissue, which leads to infiltration of the alveoli and a sharp violation of gas exchange in the lungs. Disease is manifested by shortness of breath at rest, a feeling of tightness in the chest, suffocation,…
Acute tracheobronchitis is an acute respiratory disease that occurs with an inflammatory lesion of the mucous membrane of the trachea and bronchi. Disease is characterized by a strong cough (initially unproductive, then with the release of mucopurulent sputum), stinging pain behind the sternum, subfebrility, general weakness. Diagnostics includes physical examination, lung x-ray, clinical analysis of…
Acute bronchitis is a form of diffuse inflammation of the bronchial tree, characterized by increased bronchial secretion and impaired bronchial patency. Disease is characterized by a sharp onset, respiratory symptoms (runny nose, sore throat, paroxysmal cough with sputum, chest pain, shortness of breath, bronchospasm) and symptoms of intoxication (fever, headache, weakness). Physical examination data, lung…
Acute bronchiolitis is an inflammatory obstruction of the bronchi of small caliber (bronchioles), usually developing in young children against the background of a viral infection. The initial signs resemble acute respiratory viral infections, which are soon joined by the phenomena of bronchial obstruction (expiratory dyspnea, spastic cough, tachypnea, crepitating or wheezing wheezes, cyanosis of the…
Acute pneumonia is an acute inflammatory process in the parenchyma and interstitium of the lungs, in the etiology of which the infectious factor plays a decisive role. Disease is accompanied by chills, persistent fever, cough with mucopurulent sputum, malaise, headache, shortness of breath and tachycardia. Pneumonia is diagnosed according to the clinical and radiological picture,…
Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is a pathological syndrome characterized by a sharp decrease in the level of blood oxygenation. It refers to life-threatening, critical conditions that can lead to death. Early signs of disease are: tachypnea, suffocation, feeling of lack of air, agitation, cyanosis. As hypoxia progresses, a violation of consciousness develops, convulsions, hypoxic coma.…
Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica is a condition in which areas of calcification and ossification protrude into the lumen of the respiratory tract in the submucosal layer of the trachea and bronchi. It may manifest as shortness of breath, cough, hemoptysis. Creates favorable conditions for the development of inflammatory processes in the lower respiratory tract. It is diagnosed…