Osteomyelitis is an inflammation of the bone marrow, in which all elements of the bone (periosteum, spongy and compact substance) are usually affected. Depending on the etiology of osteomyelitis, it is divided into nonspecific and specific (tuberculosis, syphilitic, brucellosis, etc.); post-traumatic, hematogenic, postoperative, contact. The clinical picture depends on the type of osteomyelitis and its…
Osteomalacia is a systemic decrease in bone strength due to insufficient mineralization of bone tissue. As a result, the bones become excessively flexible. Pathology is manifested by pain in the bones, deformities and pathological fractures. Hypotrophy and hypotension of muscles are characteristic, gait and posture disorders are possible. The diagnosis is established on the basis…
Osteodystrophy is a group of diseases and secondary pathological conditions caused by local metabolic disorders. Accompanied by increased resorption of bone tissue. The cause of osteodystrophy can be diseases of the digestive system, endocrine diseases, kidney diseases, vitamin deficiency, poisoning, metabolic disorders and local blood supply disorders. It can be manifested by pain, pathological fractures,…
Necrotizing fasciitis is a purulent inflammation of the fascia and subcutaneous tissue of streptococcal or polymicrobial etiology. Local symptoms include edema, discoloration of the skin, characteristic compaction of the underlying tissues, pain syndrome, which is subsequently replaced by a lack of sensitivity in the affected area. There is a pronounced general intoxication, there is a…
External bleeding is the outflow of blood from damaged vessels into the external environment. Depending on the type of damaged vessel (or vessels), it may be either not requiring specialized care or posing an immediate danger to the patient’s life. Diagnosis of external bleeding is usually not difficult. The treatment is surgical. Wound suturing, ligation…
Mucopolysaccharidosis are a group of genetically determined diseases resulting from a violation of the metabolism of acidic mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans). Systemic skeletal lesions and delayed physical development are characteristic. In some forms, mental retardation is observed. Cardiac disorders, pathology of the visual organs, hernia formation, neurological disorders, hypertrichosis, enlargement of the liver and spleen are possible.…
Medial epicondylitis is an inflammatory process in the area of attachment of muscles to the inner condyle of the humerus. Develops due to overloading of the pronator muscles and flexors of the hand. The beginning is gradual. It is accompanied by unpleasant sensations or pain on the inner surface of the elbow joint with irradiation…
March fracture is a pathological change in the structure of the metatarsal bones that occurs due to excessive loads. It develops in soldiers, especially at the beginning of service, as well as after intensive drill, marches and crosses. It may occur in people whose profession requires constant standing on their feet, carrying heavy loads or…
Lordosis is a physiological or pathological bending of the spine, in which its bulge is turned anteriorly. Physiological lordosis is observed in all people in the lumbar and cervical spine. Pathological lordosis is usually located in the same departments, but differs from the physiological degree of bending. In rare cases, pathological lordosis is formed in…
Pseudoarthrosis is a pathological condition accompanied by a violation of the continuity of the tubular bone and the appearance of mobility in unusual parts of it. It often has a low-symptomatic course, manifested by the presence of mobility in an unusual place and pain when resting on the affected limb. It is diagnosed according to…