Root caries is a pathological destructive process characterized by the destruction of hard tissues of the intraosseous (root) part of the tooth. The disease can be completely asymptomatic or manifest as a cosmetic defect, provoke pain during meals, brushing teeth. Carious root lesion can be suspected already at the stage of examination of the oral…
Dental caries is the process of demineralization and destruction of hard tooth tissues with the formation of a cavity defect. It is characterized by the appearance of a yellowish-brown pigment spot on the enamel, bad breath, tooth reaction to sour, sweet, cold or hot food, aching pain. With the development of deep caries, the formation…
Oral candidiasis is a mycotic infection of the oral cavity caused by opportunistic yeast–like fungi Candida albicans. Candidiasis of the oral cavity is manifested by hyperemia and swelling of the mucous membrane with soft or dense plaques of white plaque; dryness, burning, pain when eating; congestion, peeling and cracks of the lips. The diagnosis is…
Salivary gland stones are concretions (salivolites) formed in the excretory ducts or parenchyma of the salivary glands (submandibular, parotid, sublingual, small). When the duct is blocked, salivary gland stones cause acute pain (salivary colic), enlargement of the gland, sialadenitis phenomena; in some cases, the formation of an abscess or phlegmon of the salivary gland may…
Dental plaque is specific deposits that are tightly adjacent to the crown of the tooth or the gingival edge, formed in the oral cavity from bacteria, saliva, food residues, tissue detritus. Dental plaque contributes to a change in the color of the enamel, a feeling of roughness of the surface of the teeth, the appearance of…
Dental calculus is the deposition of a dense yellowish–brown plaque on the roots and neck of the teeth. It is manifested by bad breath, bleeding gums. It is a visible cosmetic defect. Promotes the development of pathological processes in the oral cavity and is a common cause of caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, loosening and subsequent tooth…
Dental granuloma is a limited inflammation of the periodontium, which is a small rounded formation located in the area of the dental root. It is characterized by a long asymptomatic course. Under the influence of various provoking factors, disease worsens with the appearance of a vivid clinical picture of an acute inflammatory process: severe pain…
Periodontal disease are a group of diseases accompanied by damage to the hard and soft tissues surrounding the teeth. In acute periodontitis, patients complain of bleeding, swelling, sore gums, the presence of purulent discharge from periodontal pockets. With periodontal disease, uniform bone resorption occurs, there are no signs of inflammation. Idiopathic periodontal diseases are accompanied by…
Gum disease is a group of diseases characterized by damage to the gum tissue. Patients complain of hyperemia, swelling of the gums, bleeding during cleaning. Hypertrophic gingivitis causes hyperplasia of the gingival margin. In the case of ulcerative-necrotic gum diseases, lesions covered with a gray-green coating are detected. The interproximal papillae gape. The diagnosis of…
Diastema is a visible interdental gap separating the central incisors of the upper (less often – lower) dentition. Pathology is not only an aesthetic disadvantage, but also contributes to speech disorders, the emergence of communicative and psychological difficulties. Clarification of the causes and accompanying anomalies is carried out with the help of dental examination, intraoral…