Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain syndrome resulting from a genetically determined phenomenon of central sensitization. It is manifested by diffuse pain in the musculoskeletal structures, combined with fatigue, sleep disorder, depression. It is diagnosed according to clinical criteria with laboratory and instrumental exclusion of rheumatic pathology, organic causes of pain. Treatment is carried out using…
Phantom pain is pain in the amputated part of the body that occurs against the background of a pain—free phantom — a sense of the presence of the removed part. The pain appears in the distal parts, can be baking, shooting, compressing in nature. It is diagnosed according to clinical data, electroencephalography is additionally performed,…
Phacomatoses are a group of progressive genetically determined pathologies, manifested by polymorphic symptoms with predominant damage to the nervous system, skin, visual organ and accompanied by the appearance of various neoplasms of visceral organs. It is possible to diagnose phacomatoses through the efforts of many specialists and only through a comprehensive examination of the patient…
Brain injury is a type of traumatic brain injury accompanied by limited morphological changes in cerebral tissues. It is manifested by loss of consciousness, amnesia, vomiting, dizziness, anisocoria, various focal symptoms, meningeal symptom complex, changes in cardiac and respiratory rhythm. The main diagnostic method is CT of the brain. Conservative treatment: correction of vital functions,…
Tuberous sclerosis is a genetic disease characterized by damage to the nervous system in the form of epilepsy and oligophrenia, polymorphic skin symptoms, tumor and non—tumor processes in somatic organs. The diagnostic algorithm consists of a nervous system examination (MRI, CT of the brain, EEG), ophthalmological examination, examination of internal organs (ultrasound, MRI of the…
Tuberculoma of the brain is a tumor—like granulomatous formation caused by the penetration of tuberculosis pathogens into the cerebral tissues. Clinically manifested by cerebral and focal neurological symptoms characteristic of intracerebral neoplasms. The diagnostic program includes neurological examination, ophthalmological examinations, phthisiatric consultation, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, X-ray diagnostics, cerebral MRI. The main method of treatment is…
Tuberculous meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that has penetrated them. It is manifested by a sharp deterioration in the well-being of a patient with hyperthermia, headache, vomiting, disorders of the cranial nerves, a disorder of consciousness, a meningeal symptom complex that occurs after prodromal phenomena. Tuberculous meningitis is diagnosed…
Cavernous sinus thrombosis is a pathology in which the cavernous venous sinus of the brain is blocked by thrombotic masses. It is manifested by headache, swelling and redness of the orbital region, dysfunction of the III, IV, VI and partially V pairs of CN, exophthalmos, chemosis, less often – focal neurological symptoms. Diagnosis is based…
Transient ischemic attack is a temporary acute disorder of cerebral circulation, accompanied by the appearance of neurological symptoms, which completely regresses no later than 24 hours later. The clinic varies depending on the vascular basin in which there was a decrease in blood flow. Diagnosis is carried out taking into account anamnesis, neurological examination, laboratory…
Transient global amnesia is a transient memory impairment for current and past events lasting up to a day. Accompanied by a loss of orientation while maintaining self-consciousness. Some temporary disturbances of higher nervous functions are possible. Diagnostics includes neurological examination, EEG, MRI, duplex scanning of cerebral vessels; if necessary, PET of the brain. It is…
