Urology as a field of medical science is engaged in the study of the urinary and related human reproductive system, the physiological and pathological processes occurring in them, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases of the genitourinary organs (urethra, bladder, ureters, kidneys, male genitalia). The sphere of interests of urology as a science intersects with other areas of clinical medicine: gynecology, andrology, venereology, nephrology, surgery. A urologist is engaged in the treatment and prevention of pathology of the genitourinary system of men and women.
Urological diseases of men, women, children and the elderly have their own peculiarities of development and course, which is explained by the anatomical, physiological and age characteristics of their organisms. Among the pathology of the male genitourinary system, inflammatory processes (orchitis and epididymitis, urethritis, balanoposthitis, prostatitis, cystitis), prostate adenoma, sexual infections are more common. Female urological diseases are urethritis, cystitis, sexually transmitted infections and their consequences. Both men and women have urolithiasis, pyelonephritis, tumors of the genitourinary organs, chronic renal failure. In childhood, congenital anomalies of the genitourinary system, cystitis and enuresis are more common. In elderly people, urinary incontinence and tumor formations come to the fore among urological problems.
The most common manifestations of diseases of the genitourinary system are disorders of urination (increased frequency or delay), pain in the lumbar region, in the genital area, burning and itching of the genitals, pathological discharge from the urethra, disorder of sexual function, changes in the amount or color of urine, edema.
Diseases of the genitourinary system are by no means harmless. Their consequences lead to the development of chronic foci of infection, impotence, infertility, the need for a donor kidney transplant and even death. For a man, a urologist is as important a doctor as a gynecologist is for a woman. Therefore, regardless of complaints, visits to the urologist should be regular, at least 1-2 times a year.
Modern diagnostic capabilities of urology are very great. Laboratory methods of urine and urethral discharge, ultrasound and X-ray diagnostics, endoscopic (urethroscopy and cystoscopy), instrumental (puncture biopsy, catheterization, augmentation), measuring diagnostic methods (cystometry, urofluometry), etc. are used.
Treatment of urogenital pathology has its own specific features. Since many urological diseases are sexually transmitted, both sexual partners need to undergo appropriate treatment. Diseases of the genitourinary system are an intimate sphere of human life, therefore, the doctor is required to show maximum delicacy and psychological support for patients in their treatment. Urological diseases affect the sexual function of men and women, so their adequate and timely treatment allows you to preserve sexual health and family well-being. Surgical treatment of urological problems can be aimed not only at normalizing the work of the genitourinary apparatus, but also at aesthetic correction, which allows patients to get rid of many psychological complexes.
In the heading “Urological diseases” of the Medical Directory of Diseases on the website “Medic Journal” you will find a description of the most common diseases of the genitourinary system, which will allow you to seek qualified medical care in a timely manner.
Urethral polyp is a benign neoplasm of a rounded shape on the leg, emanating from the epithelial layer of the urethra wall. It is clinically manifested by pain, burning in the urethra, a feeling of mechanical obstruction during urination, sometimes ‒ bloody or purulent discharge, acute urinary retention. It is diagnosed by examination and palpation…
Polycystic kidney disease is a congenital bilateral cystic transformation of the renal parenchyma, leading to a progressive decrease in kidney function. Pathology can be manifested by arterial hypertension, pain in the lumbar region and abdomen, hematuria, dysuria, the development of infection and kidney stones, kidney failure. Diagnosis of the disease includes the study of family…
Horseshoe kidney is a congenital anomaly in which both kidneys fuse together in the area of the lower or upper pole to form an isthmus. Pathology is often complicated by pyelonephritis, urolithiasis, hydronephrosis and other diseases of the urinary system. Ultrasound, urography, pyelography, computed tomography of the kidneys are used. Surgical treatment is indicated for…
Uric acid nephropathy is a kidney lesion that occurs in patients with gout. It can manifest itself in different variants, often it is asymptomatic for a long time. Subsequently, renal colic, dysuria, nocturia, oliguria, hematuria, lower back pain, arterial hypertension, spontaneous discharge of stones are possible. It is diagnosed by determining the level of uric…
Pionephrosis is a purulent-destructive kidney disease, which is a necrosis of the renal tissue at the final stage of the acute inflammatory process of the urinary tract. It is manifested by constant aching pain in the lumbar region, increased body temperature, pronounced symptoms of general intoxication. With an open form of pyonephrosis, cloudy urine with…
Pyeloectasia is the expansion of the renal pelvis due to the accumulation of urine. It is considered as an independent (physiological) or concomitant condition in a number of urological diseases with urodynamic disorders. Complaints are more often absent, but may be represented by symptoms of the underlying pathology. Diagnosis is based on kidney ultrasound, excretory…
Pyelonephritis is a nonspecific infectious kidney disease caused by various bacteria. The acute form of the disease is manifested by fever, symptoms of intoxication and pain in the lumbar region. Chronic pyelonephritis can be asymptomatic or accompanied by weakness, impaired appetite, increased urination and non-intense lower back pain. The diagnosis is made based on the…
Pyelitis is an inflammatory process in the renal pelvis, initiated mainly by bacterial microflora. The symptoms are similar to those of pyelonephritis and are represented by pain in the projection of the kidney on the affected side, dysuria (frequent uncomfortable urination) and a temperature reaction. Diagnostics includes examination of urine and blood, culture sowing of…
Paracystitis is an acute or chronic inflammation of the fatty tissue surrounding the bladder. It is manifested by dysuria, pain over the pubis, hyperthermia. With a chronic course, pain and dysuric symptoms are less pronounced, subfebrility is noted. Paracystitis is diagnosed by cystoscopy, cystography, echography of the bladder. In the course of treatment, broad-spectrum antibiotics…
Paraurethral cyst is a retention cavity with liquid contents that originates from the skin glands or Gartner’s passage, located in the soft tissues between the vagina and the urethral canal. It is manifested by the presence of palpable paraurethral formation, dysuria, dyspareunia, mucous discharge from the urethra. It is diagnosed by gynecological and urological examination,…
