Gynecology is a field of clinical medicine that studies anatomical features, physiological processes occurring in a woman’s body during various periods of life, as well as diseases of the female genital sphere, methods of their recognition, prevention and treatment. Therapy and prevention of gynecological diseases is a concern not only for women’s health, but also for motherhood, the health of future generations. In this regard, the indisputably important social importance of gynecology as a science and as a clinical discipline.
The task of gynecology is to protect a woman’s health throughout her life. In recent years, some gynecological diseases have become “younger”, therefore, pediatric gynecology is developing, studying the anatomical, physiological and pathological features of the child and adolescent organism. Obstetrics studies the physiology and pathology of the female body during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. Gynecological endocrinology deals with the problem of hormonal changes in a woman’s body, menstrual function disorders and issues of the menopausal period.
Sometimes even the most insignificant deviations in female physiology can have a significant impact on a woman’s body. For their part, infectious, endocrine, nervous and other diseases can provoke diseases of the female genital sphere. Therefore, the treatment of gynecological diseases sometimes requires the involvement of other medical specialists: a mammologist, a urologist, a venereologist, an oncologist.
It’s no secret that a woman’s health is the key to her family and maternal happiness, as well as a full sexual life. Therefore, in modern gynecology, prevention of diseases of the female genital sphere, issues of contraception and family planning play an important role. Preventive examination by a gynecologist 1-2 times a year should become the norm of behavior for every woman.
The use of modern and reliable methods of contraception makes it possible to exclude the possibility of an unwanted pregnancy, and, accordingly, its artificial termination. A conscious and attentive attitude to her health will help a woman avoid many gynecological diseases and in the future experience the happiness of having healthy and full-fledged children.
Gynecological diseases can be divided into several groups: inflammatory diseases (adnexitis, vulvitis, vaginitis, cervicitis, endometritis, etc.); diseases caused by hormonal changes (menstrual disorders, polycystic ovaries, uterine fibroids, etc.); dystrophic, hyperplastic and tumor diseases (leukoplakia, kraurosis, cervical erosion, ovarian cysts, etc.). Each disease has its own clinical manifestations, but the most characteristic symptoms of many women’s diseases are abdominal pain, pathological discharge from the genital tract, menstrual function disorders.
Modern methods are widely used in the diagnosis of women’s diseases today: laboratory, ultrasound, endoscopic, laparoscopic, allowing to recognize the disease in its initial phase and timely carry out the necessary treatment.
The gold standard of gynecology assumes that even a woman who feels completely healthy, at least 1 time a year should undergo ultrasound of the pelvic organs, ultrasound of the mammary glands and take a cytological smear.
Creating a Medical directory of diseases on the website “Medic Journal”, we sought to provide you with the most complete information, including about existing gynecological diseases, prevention and control measures.
Medical science and practice does not stand still. Currently, new methods of healing previously considered incurable female ailments are emerging. The handbook of women’s diseases provides information on the latest methods of treatment of the most common women’s diseases.
Rectocele is a diverticular–like protrusion of the rectal wall towards the vagina, accompanied by a disorder of the act of defecation. It can manifest itself as constipation, a feeling of incomplete bowel emptying, the need for pressure on the perineum, buttock area or vaginal wall to empty the intestine. Hemorrhoids, anal fissures, cryptitis, pararectal fistulas…
Rectovaginal fistula is a congenital or acquired pathological communication between the cavities of the rectum and the vagina. It is manifested by the discharge of gases, mucus and feces through the vagina, pain in the perineum, soreness during sexual intercourse, dysuric disorders. For diagnosis, vaginal examination, rectovaginal examination, rectoromanoscopy, fistulography are used. Treatment can only…
Rh incompatibility is an immunological incompatibility of the Rh-factor of the blood of a Rh-negative mother and a Rh-positive fetus, characterized by sensitization of the maternal organism. The cause of Rh conflict is the transplacental penetration of fetal erythrocytes carrying a positive Rh factor into the bloodstream of a Rh-negative mother. Rh incompatibility can cause fetal…
Pregnancy stretch marks are specific atrophic skin changes caused by the destruction of connective tissue under the influence of gestation factors. They have the appearance of soft bluish-purple stripes located parallel or radially on the skin of the chest, abdomen. They are diagnosed during the examination, if necessary, the level of hormones in the blood…
Early menopause is a complex of changes that occur with estrogenic insufficiency and are accompanied by early (up to 45 years) or premature (up to 40 years) termination of menstruation. The level of female sex hormones at a young age decreases with burdened heredity, injuries, inflammation and neoplasms of the ovaries, their removal, drug or…
Early miscarriage is a spontaneous termination of pregnancy for up to 12 obstetric weeks, often in the absence of cardiac activity in the fetus or an empty embryo sac. Usually, an early miscarriage is accompanied by pain in the lower abdomen or lower back of various kinds, bloody discharge from the vagina with a possible…
Ovarian cancer is a primary, secondary or metastatic tumor lesion of the female hormone–producing sex glands – the ovaries. In the early stages, ovarian cancer is asymptomatic; there are no pathognomonic manifestations. Common forms are manifested by weakness, malaise, decreased and perversion of appetite, impaired gastrointestinal function, dysuric disorders, ascites. Diagnosis includes physical and vaginal…
Thyroid cancer in pregnancy is a malignant tumor lesion of thyroid tissue diagnosed during gestation. It often proceeds without symptoms. It can manifest itself with nodular formations and pain in the neck, an increase in cervical lymph nodes, a change in voice, difficulty breathing and swallowing, paroxysmal cough, shortness of breath, suffocation. It is diagnosed…
Cervical cancer during pregnancy is a malignant neoplasm that originates from the transformation zone, exocervix, endocervix and is detected during pregnancy. In more than two-thirds of cases, it is asymptomatic. With a manifest course, it is manifested by contact bleeding, spontaneous vaginal bleeding, leukorrhea, pain in the lower abdomen, violation of the function of the…
Cervical cancer is a tumor lesion of the lower part of the uterus characterized by malignant transformation of the integumentary epithelium (ecto- or endocervix). Specific manifestations are preceded by an asymptomatic course; in the future, contact and intermenstrual spotting, abdominal and sacral pain, swelling of the lower extremities, urination and defecation disorders appear. Diagnosis includes…
