Gynecology is a field of clinical medicine that studies anatomical features, physiological processes occurring in a woman’s body during various periods of life, as well as diseases of the female genital sphere, methods of their recognition, prevention and treatment. Therapy and prevention of gynecological diseases is a concern not only for women’s health, but also for motherhood, the health of future generations. In this regard, the indisputably important social importance of gynecology as a science and as a clinical discipline.
The task of gynecology is to protect a woman’s health throughout her life. In recent years, some gynecological diseases have become “younger”, therefore, pediatric gynecology is developing, studying the anatomical, physiological and pathological features of the child and adolescent organism. Obstetrics studies the physiology and pathology of the female body during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. Gynecological endocrinology deals with the problem of hormonal changes in a woman’s body, menstrual function disorders and issues of the menopausal period.
Sometimes even the most insignificant deviations in female physiology can have a significant impact on a woman’s body. For their part, infectious, endocrine, nervous and other diseases can provoke diseases of the female genital sphere. Therefore, the treatment of gynecological diseases sometimes requires the involvement of other medical specialists: a mammologist, a urologist, a venereologist, an oncologist.
It’s no secret that a woman’s health is the key to her family and maternal happiness, as well as a full sexual life. Therefore, in modern gynecology, prevention of diseases of the female genital sphere, issues of contraception and family planning play an important role. Preventive examination by a gynecologist 1-2 times a year should become the norm of behavior for every woman.
The use of modern and reliable methods of contraception makes it possible to exclude the possibility of an unwanted pregnancy, and, accordingly, its artificial termination. A conscious and attentive attitude to her health will help a woman avoid many gynecological diseases and in the future experience the happiness of having healthy and full-fledged children.
Gynecological diseases can be divided into several groups: inflammatory diseases (adnexitis, vulvitis, vaginitis, cervicitis, endometritis, etc.); diseases caused by hormonal changes (menstrual disorders, polycystic ovaries, uterine fibroids, etc.); dystrophic, hyperplastic and tumor diseases (leukoplakia, kraurosis, cervical erosion, ovarian cysts, etc.). Each disease has its own clinical manifestations, but the most characteristic symptoms of many women’s diseases are abdominal pain, pathological discharge from the genital tract, menstrual function disorders.
Modern methods are widely used in the diagnosis of women’s diseases today: laboratory, ultrasound, endoscopic, laparoscopic, allowing to recognize the disease in its initial phase and timely carry out the necessary treatment.
The gold standard of gynecology assumes that even a woman who feels completely healthy, at least 1 time a year should undergo ultrasound of the pelvic organs, ultrasound of the mammary glands and take a cytological smear.
Creating a Medical directory of diseases on the website “Medic Journal”, we sought to provide you with the most complete information, including about existing gynecological diseases, prevention and control measures.
Medical science and practice does not stand still. Currently, new methods of healing previously considered incurable female ailments are emerging. The handbook of women’s diseases provides information on the latest methods of treatment of the most common women’s diseases.
Vaginal dryness is a pathological condition that occurs under the influence of hormonal and non–hormonal causes that lead to thinning of the vaginal mucosa. It is manifested by a decrease in vaginal discharge, discomfort, itching and burning in the area of the vagina and vulva, painful sensations during sexual intercourse and blood secretions after it.…
Subserosal fibroid are benign hormone—sensitive neoplasms that consist of smooth muscle cells of the myometrium and are located under the serous lining of the uterus. In 60-70% of cases, the disease is not clinically manifested. Some patients are concerned about pain in the lower abdomen and lower back, violation of childbearing function, signs of pressure…
Submucosal fibroids are benign hormone—dependent tumors located in the submucosal layer of the uterus and formed by smooth muscle cells of the myometrium. Almost half of the cases are asymptomatic. It can manifest itself as menorrhagia, increasing anemia, cramping pains in the lower abdomen during menstruation, inability to get pregnant or carry a child. Transvaginal…
Uterine subinvolution is a postpartum complication characterized by a slowdown in the recovery of normal (prenatal) uterine dimensions. Symptoms are abundant brown spotting, subfebrile body temperature, absence of the usual cramping pains during breastfeeding. The presence of complications is determined by gynecological examination, ultrasound (ultrasound of the uterus, three-dimensional echography). The treatment is complex, including…
Stromal tecomatosis is a benign hormone—active hyperplasia of the ovarian stroma, accompanied by increased androgen synthesis and increased peripheral estrogen production. It is manifested by signs of virilization (hirsutism, coarsening of the voice, hypertrophy of the clitoris), oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, infertility, visceral obesity. For diagnosis, the content of androgens, estrogens, LH, FSH is examined, pelvic ultrasound,…
Cervical stenosis is a congenital or acquired anatomical narrowing of the cervical canal with a violation of its patency. At the reproductive age, it manifests itself with oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, algomenorrhea, infertility, dyspareunia. In menopause and postmenopause, it can be asymptomatic. It is diagnosed by gynecological examination, probing of the uterine cavity, ultrasound of the pelvic…
Athletic amenorrhea is a disorder of the ovarian-menstrual cycle caused by intense training. It is manifested by a delay in sexual development with the absence of menarche, the cessation of menstrual discharge for six months or more, anovulatory bleeding (opsomenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, polyproymenorrhea), masculinization. It is diagnosed by laboratory examination of the content of steroid hormones,…
Pelvic adhesions are connective tissue strands covering the surface of the pelvic organs and connecting them to each other. The adhesive process is manifested by constant or periodic pelvic pain, miscarriage or infertility, intestinal disorders in the form of constipation, frequent stools and flatulence. When making a diagnosis, bimanual examination, ultrasound and tomography of the…
Diminished ovarian reserve is a decrease in the ability of the ovaries to respond to hormonal stimulation by follicle growth with a simultaneous deterioration in the quality of eggs. Insufficient reproductive potential causes persistent infertility that cannot be treated. At the initial stage, the shortening of the menstrual cycle may worry. For diagnosis, an analysis…
Weakness of labor activity – insufficient contractile activity of the uterus in strength, duration and frequency, due to its hypotonic dysfunction. Pathology is manifested by rare, short and ineffective contractions, slowing down the opening of the cervix and the advancement of the fetus. Disease is diagnosed by observation, cardiotocography, vaginal examination. In the treatment of…
