Gynecology is a field of clinical medicine that studies anatomical features, physiological processes occurring in a woman’s body during various periods of life, as well as diseases of the female genital sphere, methods of their recognition, prevention and treatment. Therapy and prevention of gynecological diseases is a concern not only for women’s health, but also for motherhood, the health of future generations. In this regard, the indisputably important social importance of gynecology as a science and as a clinical discipline.
The task of gynecology is to protect a woman’s health throughout her life. In recent years, some gynecological diseases have become “younger”, therefore, pediatric gynecology is developing, studying the anatomical, physiological and pathological features of the child and adolescent organism. Obstetrics studies the physiology and pathology of the female body during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. Gynecological endocrinology deals with the problem of hormonal changes in a woman’s body, menstrual function disorders and issues of the menopausal period.
Sometimes even the most insignificant deviations in female physiology can have a significant impact on a woman’s body. For their part, infectious, endocrine, nervous and other diseases can provoke diseases of the female genital sphere. Therefore, the treatment of gynecological diseases sometimes requires the involvement of other medical specialists: a mammologist, a urologist, a venereologist, an oncologist.
It’s no secret that a woman’s health is the key to her family and maternal happiness, as well as a full sexual life. Therefore, in modern gynecology, prevention of diseases of the female genital sphere, issues of contraception and family planning play an important role. Preventive examination by a gynecologist 1-2 times a year should become the norm of behavior for every woman.
The use of modern and reliable methods of contraception makes it possible to exclude the possibility of an unwanted pregnancy, and, accordingly, its artificial termination. A conscious and attentive attitude to her health will help a woman avoid many gynecological diseases and in the future experience the happiness of having healthy and full-fledged children.
Gynecological diseases can be divided into several groups: inflammatory diseases (adnexitis, vulvitis, vaginitis, cervicitis, endometritis, etc.); diseases caused by hormonal changes (menstrual disorders, polycystic ovaries, uterine fibroids, etc.); dystrophic, hyperplastic and tumor diseases (leukoplakia, kraurosis, cervical erosion, ovarian cysts, etc.). Each disease has its own clinical manifestations, but the most characteristic symptoms of many women’s diseases are abdominal pain, pathological discharge from the genital tract, menstrual function disorders.
Modern methods are widely used in the diagnosis of women’s diseases today: laboratory, ultrasound, endoscopic, laparoscopic, allowing to recognize the disease in its initial phase and timely carry out the necessary treatment.
The gold standard of gynecology assumes that even a woman who feels completely healthy, at least 1 time a year should undergo ultrasound of the pelvic organs, ultrasound of the mammary glands and take a cytological smear.
Creating a Medical directory of diseases on the website “Medic Journal”, we sought to provide you with the most complete information, including about existing gynecological diseases, prevention and control measures.
Medical science and practice does not stand still. Currently, new methods of healing previously considered incurable female ailments are emerging. The handbook of women’s diseases provides information on the latest methods of treatment of the most common women’s diseases.
Vaginal atrophy is a non–inflammatory disease characterized by thinning of the vaginal mucosa, its dryness and the development of dyspareunia. There is also a change in the acid-base state. The disease is manifested by a feeling of tightening, burning. The main cause of vaginal atrophy is a lack of estrogens, which are necessary for storing glycogen…
Uterine atresia is an anomaly of the cervix or body of the uterus, manifested by their overgrowth and obstruction. Uterine atresia is characterized by false amenorrhea, pain during periods of alleged menstruation, the development of hematometers and hematosalpinx (in severe cases – pyometers and pyosalpinx). Diagnosis includes gynecological examination: examination, ultrasound, MRI. Treatment is operative,…
Hymen atresia is complete overgrowth, obstruction of the hymenal septum, which prevents the vaginal and menstrual secretions from coming out. It is more often manifested during puberty; it is characterized by false amenorrhea, pain, hematocolposom, sometimes – hematometer and hematosalpinx, inability to have sexual intercourse. Disease can be complicated by pyohematometry and pyohematosalpinx. Treatment consists…
Vaginal atresia is an isolated primary (congenital) or secondary (acquired) fusion of the vaginal walls. Clinically, vaginal atresia can be manifested by hematocolpos, hematometer, hematosalpinx, mucocolpos, inability to have sex. Vaginal atresia is diagnosed during gynecological examination, vaginal probing, ultrasound and pelvic MRI. The treatment of vaginal atresia is exclusively operative – emptying of the…
Uterine atony is a complete loss of uterine tone in the subsequent or early postpartum period. Insufficiency of contractile function leads to a violation of hemostasis and massive bleeding. A woman in labor has symptoms of shock, blood pressure decreases, and DIC syndrome may develop. Diagnosis is carried out according to clinical manifestations. Treatment is…
Atypical endometrial hyperplasia is a pathological overgrowth of the inner layer of the uterus with the appearance of atypical cells. It is provoked by an excess of estrogens and a lack of progesterone. It is considered as a precancerous disease. It can develop at any age, but it is more often detected after 45 years.…
Birth asphyxia is a pathology of the early neonatal period caused by respiratory disorders and the development of hypoxia in a born child. Birth asphyxia is clinically manifested by the absence of independent breathing of the child in the first minute after birth or by the presence of separate, superficial or convulsive irregular respiratory movements with…
Appendicitis in pregnancy is an acute or chronic inflammation of the appendix that occurs in a woman during gestation, during childbirth or immediately after them. It is manifested by sudden constant or paroxysmal pain of varying intensity in the right abdomen, fever, nausea, vomiting. It is diagnosed by physical examination, transabdominal ultrasound, laboratory blood tests,…
Blighted ovum is a type of frozen pregnancy in which, after fertilization and implantation, the egg does not develop into an embryo, but an empty fetal egg remains. Pregnancy does not progress, so signs of toxicosis and other early symptoms in the form of drowsiness, pain in the mammary glands, mood swings gradually disappear. Blighted…
Stillbirth is the death of the fetus during pregnancy. It can be provoked by somatic diseases, diseases and abnormalities of the reproductive system, infections, intoxications, abdominal injuries, rhesus conflict, multiple births, severe fetal birth defects and other factors. Stillbirth is manifested by the cessation of uterine growth, the absence of fetal movements and heartbeat, weakness,…
